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Footnotes and Endnotes: Setting
or changing margins, numbers, font sizes, tabs and other formatting
in WordPerfect notes
Related topics:
Related macros:
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Temporary changes (current document)
Quick changes to the current
document (changing margins, fonts, justification, or other formatting)
Permanent changes (all future
documents)
Setting new note numbers
Changing the font of the "CONTINUED"
message, and how to remove the message
Hiding note numbers
Using characters in place of
one or more footnote numbers
Long footnotes: White space (pagination)
problems, and how to divide a footnote over several pages
Change the footnote separator
line's color
Use two different footnote
styles in a document (e.g., with different margin settings)
How to format footnotes into
two columns
Indenting all footnote text
while leaving note numbers at the margin
General tips
- In WordPerfect's inline Help
(F1; Index tab) look up the topic, "Format (in WP8),"
or "Formatting" (in WP9+). Under that Help heading,
look for "footnotes (or endnotes)." It contains some
useful information.
- Generally, when you first create
a note the note uses ("picks up" or inherits) the font
and font size of the default (or "initial") document
style. The font and other formatting codes for the default document
style are embedded in the [Open Style: DocumentStyle]
code at the top of the document, which can be seen in the Reveal
Codes window. If you want to force all notes to take on the document's
font, font size, etc., -- as you might need to do when you copy
a document with notes into your current document and the current
document has a different default style -- you can set new format
codes for the entire document, including all footnotes and endnotes,
with File,
Document, Current Document Style
(which opens the Styles Editor). The notes for that particular
document then will take on the font and other formatting of the
new style setting. (If you want the new settings to be used by
all new documents based on that document's template, enable the
checkbox, "Use as default," at the bottom of the Styles
Editor dialog.)
- Note that a footnote or endnote
is itself just another WordPerfect style (you'll see them listed
under Format>Styles, if they exist in the document), so you
can edit the existing footnote or endnote style to suit your
needs, overriding the document's default settings (see previous
paragraph). Thus, you can have the body text and other structures
have one style of text, and notes have another style -- such
as a smaller font than the body text.
- If you want to change the note's
style there are several questions to ask yourself first. For
example:
- Is the style of the note's superscripted
number in the body of the document's text acceptable? For example,
do you want the number enclosed in parentheses, bolded, and/or
made relatively larger, etc.? You can change the style of the
note's number in the body text area of the document independently
of changes to the note's text at the bottom of the page or the
end of the document.
- What about the style or format
of the note itself? Do you want to use a smaller font in the
note itself, full justification, or insert a space between the
note's number and the note's text?
- Do you want to apply any changes
you make to the current document only, or to all future documents
based on the template? (If the latter, see the end of the second
major paragraph above.)
- Do you use footnotes and have
unwanted page breaks/pagination in the document? Document pagination
is dependent not only on the size and location of the current
footnote but also on adjacent footnotes -- particularly the location
of the immediately following footnote number. You can try shortening
(or breaking up) a footnote's text, relocate the next footnote
reference further down in the document, and so on. For more on
this problem, see this
thread on WordPerfect Universe.
- Note that if you try to put
a footnote in a header row of a table or in a cell that spans
pages, you will find that the Footnote/Create option is unavailable.
You must use an endnote in that situation.
- Read through the remainder of
this page. There are some tips that may help you solve a footnote
or endnote problem.
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Temporary changes (current document)
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To make changes for just the
current document, you may first have to go to the top
of the document before all notes if you want all notes affected
by your changes. Otherwise, position the cursor just before the
note where you want the change to take effect.
Click Insert, Footnote/Endnote,
and click on the type of note (Footnote or Endnote); then click
Options, Advanced. The Advanced Footnote (or Endnote) Options
dialog pops up, which allows you to make changes to the note's
style.
Example: You can change various aspects of footnotes and
endnotes with the Advanced settings built into each style. Click
Inset, Footnote (or Endnote), Options, Advanced. You might want
more vertical spacing between notes, so set the "Space between
notes" option. You can edit the number's style as it appears
in either the body text area or in the note itself. Explore these
and other options with a "test" document that has notes
in it.
Example: You can change the Numbering Style in the document
itself with the "In Text" button, or change the note's
text formatting (margins, fonts, etc.) using the "In Note"
option.
In the former case, you could
change the relative size of the note's number in the body text
of your document: While in the footnote's Styles Editor that
pops up when you click "In Text," select the [Footnote
Num Disp] or [Endnote Num Disp] code with your mouse and make
it relatively larger with Format, Font, Relative Size. If you
are modifying the footnote style, the codes should look like
this in the Styles Editor:
[Superscript][Large][Footnote
Num Disp][Large][Superscript]
I prefer to have a space before
and after the number in body text, so I've added spaces to each
end of the above codes by simply pressing the <Spacebar>
key.
In the latter case ("In
Note") for example, when the Styles Editor opens to allow
editing the note's style you could insert a space before the
codes to produce a space between the number and the content of
the note itself. This saves having to type in a space when creating
each note, if you prefer a space separator.
Use any of the items from the
top menu of the Styles Editor to change the note's style. You
can also drag codes out of the dialog window to delete them (or
simply backspace over them).
When you are done, press OK twice,
then Close, to return to your document.
Example: Here's an example requiring new tab settings
inside the footnote for the second and subsequent paragraphs
in a multi-paragraph footnote:
In the Corel WP10 newsgroup (April
2004) a user posted the following:
"I want to set a tab within
the footnote style that would apply ONLY within footnotes (and
that would NOT change the indentation for the footnote's first
line), in order to indent a within-footnote paragraph's first
line a lesser distance than the footnote's opening line's indentation.
The reason for doing that is
to make it obvious to a quick reader that a paragraph within
a footnote is not a new footnote with its number missing. Ordinarily,
this really isn't necessary, but it helps when a long footnote
is split across pages, especially if the continued footnote happens
to start with a within-footnote new paragraph."
Wolfgang Deiminger replied with
this technique:
"Open the Footnote Style
in your document. See if there is any Tabset code there. If so,
delete it. Place the cursor at the very beginning of the style
codes. Then do Format, Line, Tabset. In the dialogue, first delete
all Tabs. Then ckeck Interval, enter .25" in the interval
field, click Set, then click Set and Close. ... This takes you
back to the footnote style codes. Here you will see a Tab Left
or Hard Tab Left code. Add another Tab Left code there by pressing
Ctrl+TAB (Pressing TAB alone takes you to the next option in
a dialogue). Then OK out.
Now the first line of any footnote
will be indented by .5" [or whatever setting is used in
the Current Document Style], whereas pressing TAB at the beginning
of a new paragraph will indent the first line only by .25"
(of course you can use any distance you like). There is no change
of Tab settings in your main text."
One small caution:
Unlike WP8/9, inserting a new
tab setting in WP10/11/12 in the Styles Editor with Format, Line,
Tab Set also inserts two extra codes mmediately
following the newly inserted [Tab Set] code:
[Dot Lead Char][Dec/Align
Char]
These codes can be deleted before
closing the Styles Editor.
(This happens on my system, US
language versions. I don't kinow if it happens with other language
versions of WP10/11/12.)
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Quick changes to the current document
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If Reveal Codes is open, click
inside any note. Then double-click the [Open Style: Footnote]
or [Open Style: Endnote] code. This will bring up the
Styles Editor for the note itself.
Most often this
is useful for
changing
footnote margins to
the same margin settings that exist in the document. Use the
Styles Editor's menu and click Format, Margins and set the left
and/or right margins to match the body text area's margins.
[Starting with
WordPerfect 11, if you enable a checkbox option in the Insert,
Footnote/Endnote dialog ("Align with document margins")
WP will place a LftMar code in the footnote's (or endnote's)
text. This causes the note's text to align with the current
page's left margin; however, the note's number at the bottom
of the page will still be at the extreme left (the default location).
You might prefer setting the left margin for all notes
inside the Footnote (or Endnote) style code as explained in the
previous paragraph. This places the number in alignment with
the left page margin.]
You can also click the justification button on the Styles Editor toolbar for fully
justified footnote text, etc.
Note that you can set the font size for all footnote or endnote text in
the Styles Editor. You can even set the font size to a fractional size (e.g., 10.5 points), but it is not obvious
how to do it: In the footnote's or endnote's Styles Editor, do
not use the font size drop list on the Editor's property bar.
Instead, use the Styles Editor's top menu by clicking Format,
Font. The Font Properties dialog appears. On the Font tab, type
the fractional size (e.g., 10.5) in the Size field, then click
OK. This inserts a [Font Size] code in the Editor's Contents
pane, at the current cursor location. [Thanks to Billvv on WordPerfect
Universe for this tip.]
To make these changes the default
for future documents, see the next section.
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A typical problem: There's a different font in the footnotes
than the font used in body text.
Q: I would create a footnote in a document
that was done in Times New Roman, and the footnote without fail
would be created in Courier (the number in the document body
was TNR, but at the bottom of the page everything was in Courier).
Any ideas on how to fix this?
A: The font of the footnote's text (and
endnote text) is controlled by the document's default font, which
in your case appears to be Courier. If you go to the top of the
document, double-click the [Open Style: Document Style] code
in Reveal Codes. You should see the document's default font in
the Styles Editor -- probably set to Courier. Also, somewhere
at the top of the document itself, you'll probably see a Times
font code. The Times font applies to the body text from
that point forward, but "substructures" such as footnotes,
endnotes, headers, text boxes, comments, etc., will take their
font from the default document style.
There are a couple of ways to
solve this:
- Change WordPerfect's default
document style in the Styles Editor to Times New Roman (and if
you wish this to be the default for all new documents
in the future, check the box "Use as default"). The
footnotes (or endnotes) should now appear in TNR.
- Note: To set new fonts or
font sizes, I suggest you change the default document style
either by double-clicking the [Open Style: Document Style] code
in Reveal Codes, or with the menu selection, File, Document,
Current Document Style (not Default Font,
which only works if there are no existing font codes in the Styles
Editor).
- An alternative is to change
only the notes' font for the current document (as described above
in this section): With Reveal Codes open, click inside any note.
Then double-click the [Open Style: Footnote] or [Open Style:
Endnote] code. This will bring up the Styles Editor for the notes
in the document. Enter the font you want to use for the document's
notes.
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Permanent
changes (all future documents)
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To make your changes apply to
all future documents, you can copy the newly modified
note's style to the default template. (For more information
about the default template, where it is and how to edit it, see
here.)
Step 1. Make your changes to the appropriate footnote
or endnote style as explained in the sections above.
Step 2.
- Click Format, Styles. A Styles
dialog opens.
- Click the Options button
and choose Settings (in WP9+) or Setup
(in WP8).
- WP9+: In the Style Settings dialog, enable
both the checkbox "WordPerfect system styles"
and the radio button, "WordPerfect heading styles
and all other system styles"; this option allows displaying
all styles in the previous Styles dialog.
WP8: In the Style Setup dialog, click the "System"
box to enable it, then OK.
A note of caution
about the radio button, "Save new styles to ... Default
template," and how to use it:
If you enable (i.e., click) the
"Save new styles to ... Default template" radio
button you won't have to manually copy the new note's style to
the default template (see Step 3 below), as long as you save
the current document after making your style modifications
and after enabling this button. If the document was
saved after you made style changes but before enabling
this button -- and not saved again during the session -- then
the changes will apply to the current document only. [The button
says to "Save new styles..." when it probably
should say to "Save future styles..." (meaning
"Save any styles created after this radio button is enabled").
The latter label would imply that you should enable the radio
button of your choice first, before making any
new modifications to the style.]
Reminder: If you enable "Save new styles
to ... Default template," it is a good idea to return
this setting to "Save new styles to ... Current document"
before modifying any other styles and (probably) before working
on new documents. This will prevent you from inadvertently
saving other new or modified styles to the default template (unless,
of course, you really want to do that).
At this point you have two choices
of action with the "Save new styles to..." buttons:
Choice 1. If "Save new styles to ... Current
document" is still enabled (the dialog's default setting
and probably the appropriate choice for most users), proceed to Step #3 below.
Choice 2. If you have enabled "Save new styles
to ... Default template," future changes made
after this button was enabled will be saved to the default template
when you save the current document containing any such changes.
You can stop
here ... but again,
unless you want this to be your default choice for all future
style changes, remember to return this setting to "Save
new styles to ... Current document"; see the previous
paragraphs.
Step 3. Copy the note's new style to the default template.
- Click OK to go back to the Styles
dialog (in WP9+) or Style List (in WP8).
- From the "Available styles"
list, select (i.e., highlight) one of the styles you modified:
- Endn#inDoc (the Endnote numbers in the body text area of the
document)
- Endnote (the Endnotes at the end of the document)
- Ftn#inDoc (the Footnote numbers in the body text
area of the document)
- Footnote (the Footnotes at the bottom of various
pages)
- Optional: You can make further changes at this
point by clicking Edit, then OK when done to go back to the Style
List or Styles window.
- Click Options, Copy. Click the
"Default template" radio button, then OK.
- Repeat the select-and-copy operation
for any of the other note styles.
- Click Close to return to your
document.
If you want to restore
these modified styles in the default template to their
original state, you can either (1) follow the above procedure
and save a newer version of the style that does not contain the
custom modifications, thereby replacing the modified style, or
(2) edit the default template and
use the Options, Reset button to reset the modified styles
to their default state.
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Setting
new note numbers
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To set new footnote or endnote numbers,
place your cursor anywhere before the point in the document's
text where you want the new numbering to take effect, then (on
the main WP menu) click Insert, Footnote/Endnote, Options, Set
Number. Select a new number, or click the radio button to increase
the next note's number by one. Click OK, then Close the box. |
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Changing
the font of the "(continued...)" message, and how to
remove the message
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Changing the font of the message
Here's a tip from Charles Rossiter
(Corel C_Tech):
"The font for the '(continued
...)' message [which appears whenever footnotes spill over to
the next page] is the font active at the very top of the main
text. If you have a font set in your current document style,
it uses that font. So you could set a font in the current document
style [File, Document, Current Document Style], and immediately
change the font at the very top of the document."
Removing the message
Go to the top of the footnoted
document and click Insert, Footnote/Endnote and make sure the
Footnote radio button is selected. Then click Options, Advanced.
Then uncheck the "Insert (continued...) message"
option. Click OK, then Close.
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Hiding
note numbers
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It is possible to have footnotes
(or endnotes) without displaying the note's number in
the text or in the note (or both).
For example, this might be useful
if you want to keep some explanatory text -- something less formal
than a footnote -- at the bottom of a page so that if the related
body text is moved, the explanation will move along with it.
Here's how to do it (based on
a tip posted by "Re~Silient" on the Corel WP10 newsgroup).
Basically, you color all note numbers white so they won't print.
In the text -
- Click Format, Styles, select
Ftn#inDoc or Endn#inDoc
- If the note style is not shown
on the Style List, click on Options, Setup, and check (i.e.,
enable) the box to display System styles. DO NOT CHOOSE the option
in this dialog to save the modified style to the default template
unless you really want the changes to apply to all future documents
based on the default template.
- Click Edit.
- In the Styles Editor's Contents
field, place the cursor just in front of the [Footnote Num Disp]
or [Endnote Num Disp] code.
- Click Format, Font, then text
color. Select white, and click OK.
- Place the cursor just after
the [Footnote Num Disp] or [Endnote Num Disp]
code.
- Click Format, Font, then text
color. Select black, and click OK.
- Click OK to exit the Styles
Editor, then Close. All note numbers in the body text are now
colored white, but the codes will still show in Reveal Codes.
In the note itself (in Reveal Codes) -
- Double-click on the [Open Style]
code at the beginning of the note. This will open the Styles
Editor for the note's text.
- In the Styles Editor's Contents
field, place the cursor just in front of the [Footnote Num Disp]
or [Endnote Num Disp] code.
- Click Format, Font, then text
color. Select white, and click OK.
- Place the cursor just after
the [Footnote Num Disp] or [Endnote Num Disp]
code.
- Click Format, Font, then text
color. Select black, and click OK.
- Click OK to exit the Styles
Editor, then Close. All note numbers in the note's text are now
colored white, but the codes will still show in Reveal Codes.
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Using
characters in place of one or more footnote numbers
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A. Using
characters in place of ALL footnote numbers
If you want to use the same
text character (e.g., an asterisk) or symbol (e.g., inserted
with Insert>Symbol) for all footnotes instead of using
incrementing numbers or letters (the default method):
1. Click Insert>Footnote>Options>Advanced.
2. Set the Numbering Method to
"Characters" and enter an asterisk (*) or other text
character(s) in the Characters field. Click OK.
3. Click Create to start a new
footnote, or click Close to return to the document. The latter
will still insert the code ([Footnote Num Meth], visible
in the Reveal Codes window) that is needed to change footnote
numbers to your chosen text character or symbol.
If you have already created footnotes
in the current document, simply place your cursor to the left
of the footnote code where you want to start using characters
(or at the very top of the document), then follow the above steps,
choosing Close in Step 3.
TIPS:
- You might want to increase the
size of the characters. See the example in the TEMPORARY CHANGES
section above.
- If you want to replace existing
footnote numbers on each page (1,2,3, etc.) with a sequence of
different character symbols (asterisk, cross, double cross, etc.),
you can do it with a macro written by Roy "lemoto"
Lewis. Direct download: http://www.lemoto.myby.co.uk/download/FtNtStar.zip.
Open the macro for editing and enter your preferred symbols where
indicated.
B. Using
characters in place of SOME footnote numbers
Suppose you have a dozen footnotes
and want footnote #3 and footnote #10 to be preceded by an asterisk
character (*) and not a number, but you want all numbered
footnotes to retain their standard numerical sequence. In other
words, you want the document's footnote numbering to be changed
from this -
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
to this -
1,2,*,3,4,5,6,7,8,*,9,10
Normally, changing from numbers
to characters in footnotes will change all remaining numbers
to characters, like this: 1,2,*,**,***, ****, etc.
However, there is a way to do
it.
(Recommendations: Use
this method after you are finished creating/editing the document.
Make a backup of the document before beginning.
After you try the method so you
understand what is going on, you can use a macro to perform the
steps for you. Download FNN2Char.zip,
and be sure to view the information at the top of the macro's
code.)
1. In the body text, with the
Reveal Codes window open, place your cursor just to the left
of the [Footnote] code for footnote #3.
2. Click Insert>Footnote>Options>Advanced.
3. Set the Numbering Method to
"Characters" and enter an asterisk (*) in the Characters
field. Click OK.
4. Back in the Footnote/Endnote
dialog, click Options>Set Number>New number.
5. Change the "number"
(it will show as asterisk characters) to a single asterisk
by clicking the small down ("spin") arrow to the right
of the New number field. (You cannot just delete the characters
and add a single asterisk; you must use the small down arrow
button.) Click OK, then Close (not Create).
6. Back in the body text, place
your cursor to the left of the next footnote (what was
previously footnote #4, but which now has two asterisks as the
"number").
[Actually, you can place the
cursor immediately after (i.e., to the right of) the footnote
code you just changed to an asterisk character. This is what
the above downloadable macro does. The idea is to reset
footnote numbering back to a standard "Numbers" format
from the new "Character" footnote forward.]
7. Click Insert>Footnote>Options>Advanced.
8. Set the Numbering Method to
"Numbers." Click OK.
9 Back in the Footnote/Endnote
dialog, click Options>Set Number>New number, and change
the number to "3" (you will want the numbering to start
with the next number in the sequence: 1,2,*,3 ...).
10. Repeat Steps 1-9 for the
next footnote number to change, which at this point will have
been renumbered from #10 to #9 in the body text because you "removed"
a number (#3) from the sequence when you changed it to a character.
TIP: You can use another macro, Jump2Txt,
that moves the cursor from inside a footnote (or an endnote)
to the note number's location in the body text area of the document,
and vice versa. This might make editing and changing footnote
formats a little easier.
TIP: You might want to increase the size
of the characters. See the example in the TEMPORARY CHANGES section
above.
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Long
footnotes: white space (pagination) problems, and how to divide
a long footnote over several pages
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Do you have one or more long
footnotes that seem to want to stay together on the same page
and cause large, empty areas on a page (or even blank pages)
due to WordPerfect's forcing its own pagination scheme?
This can happen even when you
have set the amount of footnotes to keep together on one page
to a large amount with Insert, Footnote/Endnote, Options, Advanced.
Here's a tip from Charles Rossiter
(Corel C_Tech) that might explain why this happens and what to
do about it:
"The final pagination in
relation to footnotes is dependent not just the current footnote,
but also on its neighbours.
For example, a long footnote
anchored to text in middle of page 5 (for example) could be expected
to flow as a continued footnote at the end of page 5, flowing
to page 6. But suppose the next footnote is anchored to text
two lines further down on page 5. What will happen?
WP will create the first footnote
on page 5, flowing over to page 6. But WP will also try to place
the second footnote on page 5 -- but it cannot. So WP is forced
to paginate so that the second footnote number is on page 6,
where there is space available. Result: a forced page break just
before the second footnote number.
The resolution of this problem
is a matter of your creativity. Shorten footnote 1; re-format
text to separate the 2 footnotes; create a dummy footnote number
in the text, with a real, but hidden, footnote number on the
next page -- and so on."
To these tips, "J.A.G."
at WordPerfect Universe added:
- Use endnotes.
- Make appendixes of your too long notes, and refer to them in
the footnotes ("See Appendix I, II, ..."). [You can
also use Tools, Reference, Cross Reference to automatically cross-reference
from a footnote reference to a specific Target page in the Appendix.]
Dividing footnotes
Think of a footnote as somewhat
like a separate document. If you need to break up a footnote
across several pages, place your cursor at the desired locations
and press <Ctrl+Enter> to insert a hard page break.
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Change
the footnote separator line's color
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Assume you want a gray (UK: grey)
separator line between body text and footnote. You can, of course,
use any color.
Here's a tip based on a newsgroup
post by Charles Rossiter:
[At this point you might want
to locate your cursor at the top of the document so that all
footnote separator styles change from that point forward. Otherwise,
WordPerfect will put a [Delay] code at the top of the document
and delay the onset of the new line style until it reaches the
location where the cursor is currently located.]
First, create a gray line style
that the footnote (and other features) can use:
- Click Format, Graphics styles;
- click the "Line" radio
button.
- click on "Single";
Options; Copy; and name the copy to be "Single Gray,"
- then click OK.
Next:
- Click on Single Gray; Edit;
and click the Color button to change the color to gray as required.
- Click OK, then Close.
Finally:
- Click on Insert; Footnote/Endnote;
(be sure the Footnote radio button is selected); Options; Separator;
Line Style. This gives a graphic display of line styles, and
a drop-down list of graphics styles. In the drop-down list, select
the last entry "Single Grey".
- Click OK, then Close.
NOTE: This procedure puts a [Footnote Sep Ln] code
in the document (or inside a [Delay] code if you do not start
on page 1). If you double-click on this code in Reveal Codes,
you have a quick method of changing the line's spacing, format,
and style. |
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Use
two different footnote styles in the same document
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Assume you have a document where
page 1 has a large left margin, and page 2 and following pages
have a normal margin or one that differs from page 1 (resetting
page margins on page 2 is best done with a delay
code).
In overview, you need to create
two, new footnote styles and a small macro to employ them when
needed in the document.
Create the styles. For this example
let's call them FootnotePg1 and FootnotePg2.
First, create a typical document
that you plan to use these new footnotes in, and be sure it contains
at least one footnote so that the Footnote style appears in Format,
Styles. Be sure your cursor is not inside the footnote.
For "FootnotePg1":
Step 1.
- Click on Footnote in the styles
list to choose it;
- click Options, Copy, Current
document.
- (If your style comes out OK,
you can repeat the process later and use "Default template"
so it can be used in all new, blank documents. Or see here
for methods of saving custom styles to templates.)
- Give the style a name (e.g.,
FootnotePg1) in the Styles Duplicate dialog that pops up.
- Click OK. You should see the
new style listed in the Available styles list.
Step 2.
- Click on the new style's name
in the list, then click Edit.
- Use the Styles Editor's Format
menu to set a new left margin, and then delete the tab code (optional).
Be sure to leave the three codes that superscript the footnote
number. Remove (drag out) any stray [Paper Sz] code that might
have been inserted.
- Click OK.
For "FootnotePg2":
Repeat Step 1, using the different
name. If you want to use non-default margins for page 2+, repeat
step 2.
Click Close to exit the Styles
dialog.
Now, create this macro in your
default macros folder:
FootnoteCreate
DeleteCharPrevious
If(?Page=1)
StyleOn("FootnotePg1")
Else
StyleOn("FootnotePg2")
Endif
Return
The macro inserts a footnote
on the current page. If it is page 1, it will create the footnote
using the FootnotePg1 style. If it is any other page, it will
create the footnote using the FootnotePg2 style. Note that these styles must already exist in the document
(or the template on which the document is based).
Once created on your system,
the macro can be accessed from a menu, toolbar button, and/or
shortcut key: See here. |
Page Top
How
to format footnotes into two columns
|
To prevent misunderstanding,
let me explain further:
The topic here is not
about using footnotes in body text that has been formatted into
one or more columns of text with Format, Columns. Rather, this topic describes
a method of producing footnotes where each footnote is
split into two columns inside the footnote itself. The body text on these pages might be
formatted as a single column (or no column formatting at all)
or it might be formatted in multiple newspaper columns.
[N.B.: WordPerfect does not support
creating footnotes in parallel columns. However, footnotes
can be created in newspaper columns. You can change parallel
columns to newspaper columns by double-clicking the [Col Def]
code in Reveal Codes.]
The following is based on the
author's reply to a post
on WordPerfect Universe. It is a bit time consuming since
it is not an automatic method, but it gets the job done.
|
Firrst, make a copy of your document,
then convert all footnotes in it to "plain text" endnotes
in a separate document with my Note2Txt
macro.
[In the first menu dialog that
appears when you play the Note2Txt macro, choose "Footnotes"
and "Separate document." In the second menu dialog,
format the notes to your preferences (perhaps use just superscripted
numbers without a "terminator" but with a space after
the number). In the third dialog that appears (after you click
Convert Notes), choose the second option -- "Number notes
where they were in the original document."]
You should now have two documents:
the original with note numbers in plain text in the body text
area instead of [Footnote] codes, and a separate "notes"
document containing all notes in plain text.
Go to the first page that has
note numbers on it, and take note of which notes should appear
at the bottom of the page. Then go to the separate "notes"
document and select the notes that should be on that first page
in the main document. While text is selected, click Insert, Text
box to insert the selected notes into a text box. (You can remove
the border later.)
Select the note material inside
the text box and set any desired font, font size, etc.
Change the notes to two columns: Place the cursor at the top of the
note material inside the box, before the first note's number,
and click Insert, Columns to change the material to two-column
format; choose "Balanced newspaper" columns if desired.
(The box size might change; you can resize the box later.)
Click outside this box to get
out of the box's edit mode, then right-click on the box and choose
"Select box" from the context menu that appears. Press
<Ctrl+C> to copy the box to the Windows clipboard.
Go to the first page with the
notes, and paste (<Ctrl+V> ) the text box anywhere on the
page. Right-click on it and select Position, Attach box to: Page,
and set a Vertical Box Position of "0" inches from
Bottom Margin. Enable the checkbox, "Box stays on page."
(The Horizontal Position should probably be Center of Margins.)
Click OK.
To remove the border from the
text box, right-click the text box and choose Border/Fill, choose
the "empty" icon to set the border style to "no
line" style, then click OK.
To resize the box, right-click
the text box and choose Size, then set the Width to Full.
Go to the next page with note
numbers on it and repeat the text box creation procedure for
those specific notes, copy the box, paste it, etc.
Since you have converted footnotes
to endnotes, then inserted a text box on the previous page, you
probably will need to be careful when examining the document
to ensure that the new "boxed" notes end up on their
proper pages.
Tip: You can add hard returns
prior to the [Col Def] codes in the footnotes to add spacing
between the footnotes and the body text. |
|
Page Top
Indenting
all footnote text while leaving note numbers at the margin
|
Here's a tip based on a post
on WordPerfect Universe (here)
that puts the footnote numbers flush against the left margin
and automatically indents all subsequent footnote text
paragraphs one tab stop inward from the margin:
The effect is made more apparent
with multiple paragraphs in a footnote: They all will line up
under the first paragraph, not at the left margin, like this:
Note that you can apply this
formatting to just the current document or you can save it as
a default footnote style (see above).
Assuming your document page's
left margin is set to 1.0" and your first tab stop is set
at 1.25" --
- Step 1. Click inside an existing footnote to place the
cursor in the footnote's text area. In Reveal Codes, double-click
on the [Open Style: Footnote] code; this opens the Styles Editor
dialog. Note that the very first code inside the Styles Editor's
Contents pane is another [Open Style] code: This is the formatting
code from the template on which the current document is based.
In the next steps you will remove or add codes after the
[Open Style] code to achieve the new format.
- Step 2. With the cursor just to the right of the [Open
Style] code in the Contents pane (if it is not in that position,
click there with your mouse), remove any [Hd Left Tab] code with
the <Delete> key. This code is typically inserted to cause
the footnote text to start one tab stop after the note's number.
This same effect will be accomplished below.
- Step 3. Go to the menu at the top of the Styles Editor
dialog and click Format, Margins. In the new dialog that appears,
increase the left page margin to 1.25" (and the right page
margin if necessary to match the main document's right page margin).
This setting makes footnote text start at the same tab
stop that you use in the main document (in this example, at 1.25").
- Step 4. Exit from the footnote and open a new, blank
document. Click on Format, Line, Tab Set from the main WordPerfect
menu and manually set the "Tab position" to -0.25"
(i.e., minus 0.25 inch) from the left margin, and set it to Repeat
every 0.25". Click Set, then Close to return to the (otherwise
blank) document.
- At this point you can test the
effect achieved by the new tab setting by immediately entering
a hard back tab with <Shift+Tab>. The cursor should move
outside the left margin by 0.25". Note that the [Tab
Set] code will not show this new setting in Reveal Codes, but
it is there nonetheless.
- Step 5. In Reveal Codes, carefully select just the resulting
[Tab Set] code, copy it (<Ctrl+C>), and paste it (<Ctrl+V>)
into the footnote's Styles Editor in the document that contains
your footnotes by editing the footnote as described above
in Step 1. The new code should be pasted immediately after the
[Lft Mar: 1.25"] code. (See the code sequence at the end
of these instructions, below.)
- Step 6. Click on Format, Paragraph, Back Tab on the Styles
Editor menu. This will insert a [Hd BackTab] code in the Contents
pane, just to the right of the [Lft Mar: 1.25"]
and [Tab Set] codes. This back tab setting moves the footnote
number back to the left margin.
- Step 7. Move the cursor past the [Footnote Num Disp]
code and past any formatting codes surrounding it (the
default is a pair of [Suprscpt] codes). Click on Format, Paragraph,
Indent. This will insert a [Hd Lft Indent] code. This setting
ensures all footnote paragraphs will be indented one tab
stop (here, 0.25") from the left margin.
- The resulting codes should look
something like this in the Contents pane (and they should be
in this order):
- [Open Style: DocumentStyle]
[Left Mar: 1.25"] [Tab Set: (Rel)...]
[Hd Back Tab] [SuprScpt] [Footnote Num Disp] [SuprScpt]
[Hd Left Ind]
- Step 8. Click OK to return to the document.
All footnotes should now have
numbers flush with the main document's left margin (due to the
new tab setting and the new back tab code), and all footnote
text -- particularly multiple paragraphs in any footnote -- will
be indented one tab stop (due to the new left margin and hard
left indent codes). |
Page Top |
Barry MacDonnell's