|
Thanks go to those (Charles Rossiter, Roy
("lemoto) Lewis, Wolfgang Deiminger, Robin, et al.) who
took the trouble to post related information about the following
topics on WordPerfect
Universe and on the
various Corel
WordPerfect newsgroups.
This information is not
guaranteed to be comprehensive and some items might not apply
to all systems. It mainly represents the experiences of various
individuals, though some information comes from WordPerfect's
built-in help files. Its purpose is to help you find one or more
possible causes of spontaneous reformatting or document modification
so that you can avoid them or work around them. This is a
"work in progress." Comments, additions, and/or
corrections are welcome. [See disclaimer.] |
Why some documents seem to "spontaneously"
change or reformat themselves when they are opened, printed,
faxed, or shared between users
|
Table 1. Some possible
reasons why WordPerfect might automatically reformat documents
or change their status from unmodified to modified
Table 2. Tips for users who share the same document(s) in
WordPerfect 9 and later versions |
 When you open an existing
document -- and you know you have not made any changes to
it -- does it change its status from "(unmodified)"
(as shown in the title bar at the top of the WordPerfect window)
to modified? That is, does something seem to have changed it
in some hidden or non-obvious way? Does WordPerfect then ask
you whether you want to save it when you try to close it without
making any further changes?
When
you (or someone you share a document with) open a document using
a different printer, computer, or version of WordPerfect does
the display or the printout change from what you expect?
When
you fax a document directly from WordPerfect, does the recipient
receive it formatted differently from what you see on your screen?
These are examples of what can appear to be
"spontaneous reformatting," but there are various legitimate
reasons why WordPerfect might automatically reformat a document
when you open, print, or fax it.
Background
It helps to keep in mind that WordPerfect
is a program originally designed to organize and format words
on paper. Up until relatively recently, WordPerfect and
other word processing programs were considered an end-point
solution to the publication process.
However, in recent years the output could
also be a computer file (*.wpd, *.doc, etc.) shared with other
WordPerfect users in an office, or perhaps with other firms that
use a different word processor altogether -- most likely, some
version of Microsoft Word. Or it could be some other form of
electronic output, such as a Portable Document Format file (*.pdf),
HTML file, or maybe a faxed image of the document that bypasses
the printer and goes straight to a recipient's fax machine.
In other words, WordPerfect and other word
processing programs can now also be considered as routers
of information between users. Moreover, the next system to
process the document might not be known to the person who wrote
the original, much less be understood in terms of hardware or
software differences that might affect the document in transit.
These changes place a greater burden
on WordPerfect -- and on users, too -- than in the early days.
For one thing, with the introduction of Windows
the need grew stronger to deliver true, native WYSIWYG ("what
you see is what you get") to your screen, which in turn
depends, in part, on various small software modules from various
manufacturers called printer drivers. (Typically
these are installed from a CD/DVD when you set up the printer
for the first time, or they may be available on the printer manufacturer's
web site.)
These printer drivers function to "talk"
to a specific printer and are also used to match the screen display
with the printer's output to produce WYSIWYG displays. Information
about the printer driver in effect when the document was saved
is stored in the document.
In brief, changes in (or differences between)
printer drivers can cause formatting problems, as explained in
the tables below.
Moreover, the screen display and the output
to your printer (or to another computer screen) are also affected
by the particular fonts used on your computer (and
those available on the recipient's computer). Fonts can vary
in the width and height of their characters, the space they take
up on a line, and so forth. This means the screen -- and the
ultimate output, including overall pagination -- will probably
be different for different fonts.
Thus, these program and operating system changes
can sometimes cause "spontaneous" or automatic reformatting
of some documents when you open them, or when you print or fax
them, or when another user opens or prints them. WordPerfect
does the best it can with what it is given, and if it is given
something other than expected (default) values it must make reformatting
decisions based on what is present (or absent) on the system,
and what optional settings have been enabled (or disabled).
For some users, such automatic reformatting
is unacceptable, but understanding why such things can happen
will hopefully lead to solutions or workarounds.
The causes
There are at least three broad categories
of events or conditions that can cause documents to spontaneously
change formatting.
The first category covers reformatting changes
that can occur when you simply open an existing document.
For various reasons WordPerfect reformats the document based
on (1) optional settings that you might have enabled, or (2)
because one or more conditions exist in your document (or in
Windows itself) that might force reformatting.
The second and third categories cover reformatting
changes that can occur when you print or fax a
document. Though there is some overlap with items listed in the
first category (e.g., you usually need to open a document before
printing it), there are a few issues specific to printing or
faxing from within WordPerfect.
The solutions
Identifying the causes of "spontaneous"
formatting in the table below can lead to solutions, or at least
workarounds. If all else fails, [in WordPerfect 9 and later]
you can send the document as a PDF file with File, Publish
to PDF. Such documents are graphic images of the original
document and do not change from system to system. |
[Page Top]
|
Table 1
Some possible reasons why WordPerfect
might automatically reformat documents or
change their status from unmodified to modified
(If you share documents with another
WordPerfect user, see Table 2) |
When you
do this ... |
... here are some possible causes of "spontaneous
reformatting" or other "changes" |
... and here are some possible explanations,
solutions and tips [see also Background
Information above] |
|
Open
a file |
1. You have enabled (i.e., ticked the checkbox)
the option to "Reformat documents for the WP default
printer on open" in Tools, Settings, Environment. |
Normally the
"Reformat documents for the WP default printer on
open" option is enabled (but see Table
2) since most users probably want to (eventually) send the
document to their current printer (usually, their default printer)
, and they want the document formatted for that printer.
How it works:
With this setting enabled, WordPerfect immediately reformats
any document that was created and saved while some other (non-default)
printer was selected in File, Print when you open that document
again -- even if you do nothing else to the document. (This explains
why some users can open an old document, view it, do nothing
to it, and when they go to close it they are asked if they
want to "save their changes." This causes much consternation
and needless worry.)
Explanation:
Different printers usually require different document formatting.
The most obvious example is the difference between printing to
an ink jet printer, which normally needs wide top and/or bottom
margins so that the printer's rollers can grab the paper and
feed it through the printer, and printing to a laser printer,
which normally needs only very narrow margins since it prints
the whole page in one operation. You can be sure the printer
drivers -- and subsequent document formatting -- will be different
for these two printers.
If your default printer is different
from the printer in use at the time you (or the original author)
last saved the document, and you have enabled this "Reformat
documents..." setting, then WordPerfect will automatically
reformat the document -- exactly as you have instructed it to
do -- when you open the document again. Then when you click File,
Print the document will be already be properly formatted
for your default printer.
Related: The
document might have been created on a different computer or with
a different version of WordPerfect. See
the next table row below.
Note:
While disabling this option usually prevents reformatting, this
is not always the case: If the printer that was in use when
the document was created and saved is not present (i.e.,
it is not attached, not turned on, or the same exact printer
driver is not installed) when the document is opened again, WordPerfect
will still reformat the document for the default printer even
if this option is disabled (i.e., not ticked).
It this case, WordPerfect simply makes a "best
guess" about what to do with a document that specifies a
certain printer that it cannot find, so it reformats the document
using your default printer driver. (It must use some printer
driver; if none has been installed or if none is available the
program might appear to "hang" as it searches for a
printer driver. In such circumstances users often install a "dummy"
printer that, though nonexistent, does offer a driver that WordPerfect
can communicate with, such as the Apple Laserwriter. To install
such a "dummy" driver, see this
post on WordPerfect Universe.)
Be aware that even if the same printer is
present, you must have the exact same printer driver installed
and it must have the identical printer name displayed in the
File, Print dialog, or WordPerfect will reformat the document.
(See the next table row below.)
Note: The "Format document before saving"
option in Tools, Settings, Environment (which was labeled
Slow Save in WordPerfect 8), is disabled by default. If
left disabled, WordPerfect slightly speeds up the process of
saving a document by saving only the changes that are made to
the document. However, most users probably want to enable
this option so that the entire document is reformatted and saved
each time a save is performed; this will help ensure that deleted
material is not also (internally) saved along with the
document. (The slightly slower speed of such saves should not
be an issue, even if it is noticeable -- especially given the
benefits or removing some unwanted material or metadata.) |
Open or
print a file |
2. The document might have been created on
another computer using a different version of WordPerfect or
a different printer. |
First, different
computers might be running different operating systems, which
might affect WordPerfect or a component of Windows such as the
printer driver (see Background,
above).
Second, you
must expect that different versions of WordPerfect might have
format features in one version that are not present in another,
so this might account for some automatic format changes when
importing a document.
Third (and most
common) is using a different printer * from the
one that was used when the document was created and/or saved
-- and which is not installed on your own system. This was mentioned
in the previous item (see previous
table row). Information about that particular printer is
stored in the document.
* A "different
printer" more precisely means (besides a physically different
printer) that the document was created with either a
-
different printer driver (see Background,
above), or one with
- the same printer
driver but a different version of that driver,
or one with
- the same version of
the driver but with a slightly different name from your
current version of that driver. The names must be identical.
If the printer that was in use when the
document was created and saved is not present (i.e., it is not attached, not turned on, or the
same exact printer driver is not installed) when the document
is opened again, WordPerfect will still reformat the document
for the default printer.
In this case, WordPerfect simply makes a "best
guess" about what to do with a document that specifies a
certain printer that it cannot find, so it reformats the document
using your default printer driver. (It must use some
printer driver; if none has been installed or if none is available
the program might appear to "hang" as it searches for
a printer driver. In such circumstances users often install a
"dummy" printer that, though nonexistent, does offer
a driver that WordPerfect can communicate with, such as the Apple
Laserwriter. To install such a "dummy" driver, see
this
post on WordPerfect Universe.)
Be aware that even if the same printer is
present, you must have the exact same printer driver installed
and it must have the identical printer name displayed in the
File, Print dialog, or WordPerfect will reformat the document.
Bear in mind that WordPerfect makes very
heavy use of the printer driver --
more so than many other programs -- to give you true WYSIWYG
("what you see is what you get") on screen. This information
is stored with the saved document and "travels" with
it.
Printer drivers are typically installed from
a CD or DVD when the printer is first set up, but this might
not be the most recent version of the driver for that printer.
Most printer manufacturers give instructions on their sites about
deleting old drivers and installing new ones. Generally, installing
a new or updated printer driver is as easy as downloading a file
from the manufacturer and double-clicking on it. Typically it
then will set up some files in a separate (temporary) folder
and install the printer driver from there. Usually this takes
only a minute or two. (if you are installing an updated version
of the same printer driver on a system, see the Footnote
below.)
Sharing or "round-tripping" documents
For WordPerfect 9 and later, there are some
things you can do to help prevent automatic reformatting and
possible repagination when sharing the same document with other
WordPerfect users. See Table 2. |
|
Open a file |
3. You might have enabled "Treat tabs
like MS Word" in Tools, Settings, Convert. |
Note that the "Treat tabs like
MS Word" setting can also be enabled automatically
if you import a Microsoft Word document or if you save a document
as a MS Word document and then re-open it in WordPerfect.
This setting and two others ("Allow
boxes to be positioned outside of printable region"
and "Do not format document using printer metrics")
in the Convert module are enabled in the process of importing
a MS Word document.
Fortunately these settings are enabled for
the imported document only * and can be disabled. [Thanks
to "Robin" at WordPerfect Universe for this tip.]
* Note that
these settings might already have been enabled by clicking the
optional [Template] button, which stores them in the default
template. |
|
Open
a file |
4. The document might have been last saved
in a different format (e.g., MS Word). |
WordPerfect converts the document during the
opening process. Note that you must have installed conversion
filters when you installed WordPerfect, or you will see a
"Unknown Format" message. And, like the setting explained
in the previous row above, WordPerfect will
automatically enable "Allow boxes to be positioned outside
of printable region," "Do not format document
using printer metrics," and "Treat tabs like
MS Word." |
|
Open
a file |
5. There might be a [Date] code in the document
that is automatically updated by the program if the current date
is different from the date the document was created. |
Date codes merely display the current
date, they do not really change the the date the document was
created or edited. However, longer or shorter (displayed) dates
might change the format of the line or paragraph. Even if the
change does not cause reformatting, the status of the document
will change from "unmodified" to modified. |
Open
or
print a file |
6. There might be a font in the document that
no longer exists, or was never installed, on your computer. |
A related problem to missing fonts
on your computer can happen if you, or the originator of the
document, have used special printer fonts (i.e.,
fonts installed in the printer's hardware by the manufacturer);
if the same printer is no longer attached, the font will be unavailable
and WordPerfect will substitute what it thinks is a comparable
font.
Note that all
these fonts in the document must be the exact same fonts, not
just fonts with the same name. WordPerfect substitutes another
(allegedly similar) font for the missing font, and sees this
as a change. You are still shown the original font name in the
font field of the text property bar, but if you open Reveal Codes
(View, Reveal Codes) and click in front of a font code,
it may look like [Arial(Helvetica)], which would mean that WordPerfect
substituted Arial for a missing Helvetica font.
Note that this
substitution can also change the width of bolded letters,
which in turn might affect pagination. |
|
Open
a file |
7. There might be a formula in your table
that calculates automatically when you open the document. |
WordPerfect sees this as a change, even if the
result is the same as before. Even if the change does not cause
reformatting, the status of the document will change from unmodified
to modified. |
|
Open
a file |
8. There might be corruption in the document's
internal (hidden) prefix, even if the document appears okay. |
See "Repairing
WordPerfect documents and templates" for some solutions. |
|
Open
a file |
9. The page definition used to create the
document (a letter, a sheet of labels, an envelope, etc.) might
be different. |
If the page definition (created with Format,
Page, Page Setup or Format, Labels) is different in
an imported document from the page definition on your system
-- perhaps because it was customized by someone -- WordPerfect
will reformat the document. (Page definitions are stored in the
user's Windows Registry, so it is usually easier to manually
re-create them on another system.) |
Open
or
print a file |
10. A template macro -- that is, a macro stored
inside the template (*.WPT) on which the document is based --
might have been automatically played, and the macro might have
changed something. |
Even if a template macro does
not cause reformatting, the status of the document will change
from unmodified to modified since WordPerfect records the event
in the Edit, Undo/Redo History feature. (For more information
about automating templates with template macros, see Automating
WordPerfect Templates.pdf.)
Note that the same thing can happen if you
manually play a file macro.
In either case you will see "Play Macro"
in the Undo/Redo History dialog. |
|
Open
a file |
11. You might have searched for something
(Edit, Find and Replace) or performed some other action
that was stored in the Edit, Undo/Redo History feature. |
Even if you did nothing to reformat the document,
the status of the document will change from unmodified to modified
since WordPerfect records the event in the Edit, Undo/Redo
History feature.
Another possibility is that a startup switch
caused the modification status to change. (See WordPerfect Help
<F1>, Index tab, for more on these startup switches.) For
example, the startup switch /recover can be used to rebuild a
corrupt table when the document is opended, and such a switch
might cause the file to be modified. |
|
Fax
a file |
12. The document was reformatted when it was
faxed from inside WordPerfect. |
Here's a quote from Charles Rossiter [Corel
C_Tech] on the WordPerfect 8 newsgroup:
"The ... problem arises because of the
different resolutions of a standard printer and a Fax, which
can have an adverse effect on a bitmap graphic -- which may try
to use the same number of bits, resulting in a larger image on
the page. The Fax is of low resolution, although you can set
it to 'fine' and get a better performance. You need to select
the fax printer first, and make sure the formatting is correct
before transmission."
And a tip from another user:
"I find I get a lot closer approximation
to [my] regular printer formatting if I change from Times New
Roman 12 point to 13 point for the fax; the pagination stays
much the same."
|
[Page Top]
|
Table
2
Tips for users who share the
same documents
in WordPerfect 9 and later versions
The following information should
help solve most if not all reformatting
or repagination
problems when you share WordPerfect documents.
(Some information is from Charles
Rossiter, some is from the WordPerfect 9 Help file,
and
some is from the author's own tests.)
Related Tip:
You might also want to remove traces
of your editing that might be stored
in the document
(so-called metadata) with the suggestions given
here. |
|
To minimize reformatting and possible repagination,
try this ... |
... by doing this ... |
|
The optimal way to minimize reformatting and repagination
might be to use all four steps listed in the next column (assuming
all users have the same WordPerfect version and the same Windows
version).
One reason why this might be an optimal
solution is that users might want (or need) to take advantage
of a specific printer's requirements and/or capabilities. If
this is not necessary, the next solution below -- which does
not use your printer's "metrics" to help format the
document -- might be easier to implement. |
- Step 1: Install
the exact same
printer driver on all systems (the printer driver is usually found on the CD that
came with the printer or it may be downloaded from the printer
manufacturer's web site), and have users select this "common"
printer driver in File, Print before editing and saving
the shared document. (Note that, on the system without
the physical printer attached, you should specify FILE: when
asked for the "printer port" during installation of
the printer driver. Naturally, do not try to print a test page!
And if you are installing an updated version of the same
printer driver on a system, see the Footnote
below.)
and
- Step 2: Disable
(i.e., un-tick) the option "Do not format document using printer metrics" (or in early WordPerfect versions, Don't use printer metrics) in Tools, Settings, Convert before editing
and saving a shared document. This is necessary because this
(typically document-specific) option, if enabled, would force
WordPerfect to bypass any installed printer driver (#1 above)
by substituting its own internal 1200dpi virtual driver
(for more on this setting, see the next section below, where
this setting is enabled instead of being disabled).
and
- Step 3: Disable (i.e.,
un-tick) the option "Reformat documents for the WP
default printer on open"
in Tools, Settings, Environment before receiving the document
from the sender to ensure it isn't reformatted with a (possibly
different) default printer driver.
and
- Step 4: Install
the same
fonts on all systems that are used to view or edit the document (or, alternatively,
embed the fonts in the document with File, Save,
Embed fonts...).
Cautions
Printer drivers: As noted in Table
1 above, it is not enough to have the same printer attached
to the computer: you must have the exact same printer driver
selected in File, Print. The printer driver must also
be the same version and have the exact same name. Be aware that
sometimes the name stays the same but the version changes as
manufacturers release updates. Also, there can be -- and very
often, will be -- differences between printer drivers (for the
same printer) for different operating systems.
WordPerfect (and Windows) versions: One version of WordPerfect
can have features that are not present in another version, which
might affect formatting and pagination. Moreover, different versions
of Windows can require changes (e.g., in the printer driver)
that might affect WordPerfect. In these cases you may not have
any choice but to send the file as a PDF document. [in WordPerfect
9 and later] you can send the document as a PDF file with File,
Publish to PDF.
Tips
When dealing with WordPerfect users outside of your own organization,
it might be easier or more acceptable to install the recipient's
printer driver on your system, perhaps via a download
from the printer manufacturer's web site, than to get the recipient
to install your driver on their system.
If you need to re-install a printer driver to update it,
see the top section of this page.
|
|
If the above method does not work or it is impractical, try
using the two WordPerfect settings in the next column on both
computers that might share the same documents.
These settings use WordPerfect's own built-in
1200dpi "virtual" printer driver instead of an actual
printer's driver.
However, there still might be differences
in the actual printed output using different printers; you would
be wise to test this.
Hence, this might be a slightly less-than-optimal
solution in some situations. |
- Step 1: Click on Tools, Settings, Convert
and enable the option, "Do not format document using printer metrics" (labeled "Don't
use printer metrics" in earlier versions) for all systems at your location.
- For all outgoing shared documents
-- i.e, those to be opened in another version of WordPerfect
or on a system with a different printer -- WordPerfect will then
use a built-in 1200dpi 'virtual' printer driver to format documents
(see below). The resulting document might be slightly longer
or shorter due to the difference in the way the 1200dpi driver
kerns letters and determines line length compared to the way
it does with a normal printer driver, but at least it will be
remain the same (assuming #2 below is also set properly)
when the document is then loaded on a different computer.
- Note that this setting is document
specific and it is stored with the file and it will "travel"
with it. Be
sure to click the [Template] button if you want this setting
to apply to all newly created files.
- Here's more from WordPerfect 9's Help file:
- "By default, WordPerfect determines
line endings through printer metrics. If you will be moving a
document between different printers often, you may wish to prevent
the document from reformatting every time you change printers.
You can do this by disabling printer metrics. When you disable
printer metrics, WordPerfect determines line endings by display
metrics.
- To disable printer metrics (in WordPerfect
9 and later versions):
1. Click Tools, Settings.
2. Click Convert.
3. Click the Compatibility tab.
4. In the Options section, enable the "Don't use printer
metrics to format document" (or in WordPerfect 10 and later,
"Do not format document using printer metrics") check
box.
- Note: If you disable printer metrics, printer
fonts will not be visible in your list of fonts.
- This setting uses a 1200 dpi (dots per inch)
'virtual printer,' and then sends the document to the physical
printer formatted to match the screen display pagination. This
process effectively removes reformatting / repagination problems."
- From the Corel support database at Http://support.corel.com:
- "WordPerfect® is a WYSIWYG (What
You See Is What You Get) application. This means that WordPerfect®
will communicate with the currently selected printer to determine
the layout/display of the given document. This layout is determined
by the information provided to WordPerfect from the printer driver
currently installed. In some instances, there are variations
between driver manufacturers and even drivers for the same printer
but on different operating systems. These subtle variations can
cause some pagination/formatting issues when opening documents
created on other workstations.
- WordPerfect has an option ["Do not format document using
printer metrics"] which can
be enabled if you wish the document to maintain the original
formatting no matter what printer is being utilized. This option
sets up documents, fonts, and other settings without communicating
with a printer."
- Step 2: Click on Tools, Settings, Environment
and disable the option "Reformat documents for the WP default printer
on open". Otherwise,
WordPerfect will reformat the incoming documents to match the
settings of the current (default) printer, which -- if it is
a different printer -- is not what you want here.
- As explained above (in Table
1), when you disable (un-tick) the "Reformat Documents for the WP
default printer on open" check
box, WordPerfect looks for the printer driver with which the
document was formatted; if that printer driver is not available,
WordPerfect reformats the document for the current default printer
if necessary. Since the sender of the document is using WordPerfect's
internal, virtual printer driver, the document should be reformatted
on the recipient's system using that internal 1200dpi driver.
Hence the reason to disable this setting when both sender and
recipient are using the internal 1200dpi driver.
|
A caveat for WordPerfect 9 through WordPerfect 12:
Enabling the "Do not format document using printer metrics"
(or "Don't use printer metrics") option can produce a strange result when subsequently
using Edit, Convert, Intial Caps:
WordPerfect will insert all the words in the
file WT10US.ICR, the initial capitals exception list, at the
cursor location! This is a bug that was confirmed by Corel, but
exists in WP9 through WP12. See http://www.wpuniverse.com/vb/showthread.php?s=&threadid=7376
at WordPerfect Universe for fixes and workarounds. [NOTE:
This bug has been fixed in WPX3/sp1.]
|
|
|
If all else fails: |
In WordPerfect 9 and later, you can send the
document as a PDF file with File, Publish to PDF. |
[Page Top]
Footnote
Most printer manufacturers give instructions
on their sites about deleting old drivers and installing new
ones. Generally, installing a new or updated printer driver is
as easy as downloading a file from the manufacturer and double-clicking
on it. Typically it then will set up some files in a separate
(temporary) folder and install the printer driver from there.
Usually this takes only a minute or two.
More precisely, here is a way to do delete
and reinstall a printer driver in Windows XP (note that
the procedure may differ slightly in other operating systems,
so if you are unsure of how to proceed you should check the printer
manufacturer's website and/or the Microsoft support site for
instructions):
- First, obtain the latest printer driver for
your model of printer and for your operating system from
the printer manufacturer's web site. (The installation CD that
came with the printer might be out of date.)
- Open the Windows Control Panel with Start,
Settings, Control Panel. In the Printers and Faxes module, click
on the printer icon or name. [In Windows XP you can also
click Start, Settings, Printers and Faxes.]
- Press <Delete> to delete the printer
name (or icon).
- Still in the Printers and Faxes dialog, click
File, Server Properties, Drivers tab, and delete the printer
driver. (This second step deletes the actual printer driver.)
- Exit from the Control Panel, back to the
Windows desktop.
- Re-install the printer using the updated
printer driver.
Disclaimer
The materials and any software contained
on this site are offered without warranty or guarantee of any
kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to
implied warranties of merchantability, satisfactory quality,
fitness for a particular purpose, noninfringement, or those arising
by law, statute, usage of trade, course of dealing or otherwise,
and are provided on an "as is," and "with all
faults" basis. The entire risk as to the results and performance
of these materials is assumed by you. The author assumes no liability
whatsoever to you or any other entity or third party for any
special, incidental, direct, indirect, or consequential damages
-- including without limitation any damages to equipment, or
for loss of profits, for business interruption, for loss of data
or other information, or for any other loss arising out of the
use or inability to use these materials, techniques, suggestions,
or software programs, even if the author has been notified of
the possibility or actuality of such damages, or they are foreseeable.
Materials on these pages have been prepared with reasonable care
for educational and informative purposes. No representations
are made regarding the use or the results of the use of any macro,
suggestion, technique, or other material in terms of their correctness,
accuracy, reliability, or otherwise, and you are again cautioned
that you use them solely at your own risk. You are advised to
make backups of any important files before implementing any macro,
suggestion, or technique. Do not assume anything here is error
free.
The above Disclaimer also
applies to any communication the author may have with you. The
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